Euclid's Elements
Book IX
Proposition 7

If a composite number multiplied by any number makes some number, then the product is solid.
Let the composite number A multiplied by any number B make C.

I say that C is solid.

java applet or image Since A is composite, it is measured by some number D. Let there be as many units in E as times that D measures A VII.Def.13
Since D measures A according to the units in E, therefore E multiplied by D makes A. And, since A multiplied by B makes C, and A is the product of D and E, therefore the product of D and E multiplied by B makes C. VII.Def.15
Therefore C is solid, and D, E, and B are its sides.
Therefore, if a composite number multiplied by any number makes some number, then the product is solid.
Q.E.D.

Guide

Numbers with at least two factors are plain numbers; those with at least three are solid numbers.

Perhaps Euclid takes extra steps that we would miss because he sees "d measures a a number e times" as saying something different from the product of d and e equals a."


Next proposition: IX.8

Previous: IX.6

Book IX introduction

   

© 1996
D.E.Joyce
Clark University